Neck Pain Overview

Neck pain can result from mechanical strain or pathological conditions affecting the neck and its surrounding structures. The neck is a highly complex area composed of bones, joints, nerves, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Its primary role is to support the head while also serving as a crucial conduit for the spinal cord, blood vessels, and the passageways for air and food.

Anatomy of the Neck

The neck contains seven small, interlocking bones known as cervical vertebrae, numbered C1 to C7:

• C1 (Atlas) is closest to the head.

• C2 (Axis) follows and allows head rotation.

These vertebrae are connected by facet joints, and between each pair lies an intervertebral disc—a rubbery cushion composed mainly of cartilage, acting as a shock absorber.

Symptoms of Neck Pain

Understanding your symptoms can help Canadian Certified PMC Orthopedic Specialists identify the underlying cause of your neck pain. Common symptoms include:

• Muscle Spasm

Sudden, involuntary contractions of neck muscles leading to stiffness, pain, and difficulty in movement.

• Muscle Ache

Dull, aching pain often accompanied by tender knots (trigger points), especially along the midline or one side of the neck.

• Neck Stiffness

Tight muscles restrict movement, especially after holding the neck in one position for extended periods.

• Nerve Pain

Pain may radiate from the neck down the arms or even into the legs. You might feel tingling, numbness, burning, or weakness—often worsening at night.

• Headaches

Neck problems can trigger Cervicogenic Headaches, typically felt at the back of the head.

• Reduced Range of Motion

Limited ability to turn, tilt, or lower your head may indicate joint or muscle restrictions in the cervical spine.

Common Causes of Neck Pain

• Whiplash injuries

• Muscle strain

• Degenerative disc disease

• Cervical disc herniation

• Cervical spondylosis (degeneration)

• Cervical spinal stenosis